Applications
Where AI is actually being used: products, industries, and the work it changes.
-
GitHub Copilot enters preview
An AI pair programmer suggests code inline in the editor.
-
OpenAI opens the GPT-3 API
Frontier model access is sold as a metered service in private beta.
-
Google Translate goes neural
Phrase-based translation is replaced by an end-to-end neural system in production.
-
Google open-sources TensorFlow
Industrial-grade training infrastructure is released for anyone to use.
-
Watson wins at Jeopardy!
IBM’s question-answering system beats the game show’s two strongest human champions.
-
DEC puts an expert system into production
XCON configures VAX computer orders using hand-written rules.
-
Deep Blue beats Kasparov
IBM’s chess machine wins a six-game match against the reigning world champion.
-
ELIZA imitates a therapist
Weizenbaum’s pattern-matching script holds a conversation in a few hundred lines of code.
-
The AI Compute Stack: Why Chips Decide the Race
AI capability is downstream of hardware. Understanding the compute stack (accelerators, memory, packaging, power) explains most of the industry’s strategic behaviour.
-
Tool Use and MCP: How AI Connects to the Real World
Tool use is how a model stops merely talking and starts doing. MCP is the standard that stopped every integration from being…