Google

Google built the first TPU because it calculated that if every Android user spoke to their phone for three minutes a day, it would need to double the size of its data centres. Custom silicon was cheaper than concrete.

Seven generations later the TPU is the only accelerator outside NVIDIA with a credible claim to frontier-scale training, and Ironwood pods reach 9,216 chips. Anthropic, Apple and Google itself all train on them.

You still cannot buy one. TPUs have never been sold as parts — they exist inside Google data centres and are reached only by renting Google Cloud capacity. Google has also never published a TOPS figure for any Tensor mobile chip, from G1 through G6.

Silicon from Google

6 chips on record, newest first.

  1. 2026

    Google Tensor G6

    3nm (TSMC) Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), co-designed with Google DeepMind

    50% more TPU compute than Tensor G5; on-device AI tasks up to 3.5x faster using up to 3.5x less energy

    Relative only
  2. 2025

    Google Tensor G5

    3nm (TSMC) Tensor Processing Unit (TPU)

    Up to 60% more powerful TPU than Tensor G4; on-device Gemini Nano 2.6x faster and 2x more efficient; context window 12,000 to 32,000 tokens

    Relative only
  3. 2024

    Google Tensor G4

    Not stated by Google Tensor Processing Unit (TPU)

    No TPU figure published

    None published
  4. 2023

    Google Tensor G3

    Not stated by Google Tensor Processing Unit (TPU)

    Runs more than twice as many on-device models as Pixel 6; on-device generative AI 150x more complex than Pixel 7’s largest model

    Relative only
  5. 2022

    Google Tensor G2

    Not stated by Google Tensor Processing Unit (TPU)

    No quantified claim published

    None published
  6. 2021

    Google Tensor

    Not stated by Google Tensor Processing Unit (TPU)

    No figure published — qualitative only

    None published

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